Generation of Computer

·        First Generation Computer
-        First Generation Computer uses vacuum tube which is made up glass, this is only the switching device which is used at that time.
-        The size of computer is huge in this generation due to vacuum tube, which takes huge size and release lot of heat so, that Ac is required.
-        In this generation machine level language is used in which cording is needed in the form of Binary language or machine code.
-        So it is quite tuff to develop programme using machine level languages.
-        Further, Assembly level language is introduced in which some English word are used in the place of machine code.
-        The code which is used in the place of machine code is known as Mnemonic code.
-        Mnemonic code requires assembler to convert these codes to machine code.
-        Programming in assembly level language is simple as compare to machine level language.
                   Computers used in First Generations are :
a)      UNIVAC - Universal Automatic Computer.
b)     EDVAC -  Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer.
c)      ENIAC – Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer.
  
·         Second Generation Computer
-        Second Generation computer uses Transistor.
-        It takes less electricity due to use of transistor.
-        It release less heat and reduces the size of computer as compare to first generation.
-        In this generation High Level Language is introduced.
       Some examples of High Level Languages which are used in this generation :
a.      FORTRAN - Formula Translation
b.      COBOL - Common Business Oriented Language
-        Batch Operating System is used in this Generation.
-        Magnetic Core is used as primary storage .
-        Magnetic Tape is used as secondary storage.
      Computers used in Second Generations are :
a)      IBM 1620 - International Business Machine.
b)     CDC 1604 -  Control Data Corporation.
c)      UNIVAC 110 - Universal Automatic Computer.

·        Third Generation Computer
-        Third Generation Computer uses IC (Integrated Circuit Chip) is introduced which is developed by Jack Kilby.
-        By use of IC chips it will take less electricity release less heat and size is also very less as compare to transistor or second generation computer.
-        In this generation time sharing and remote processing operating system were used.
-        In this generation also High Level Languages were used.
          Some examples of High Level Languages which used in this generation :
a)      FORTRAN 2 to 4 - Formula Translation
b)     COBOL - Common Business Oriented Language
c)      BASICS - Beginner’s All Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code.
d)     PLI - Procedural Language
e)     ALGOL - Algorithmic Language
           Computers used in Third Generations are :
a)      Honey Well 600 series.
b)     IBM - International Business Machine
c)      PDP - Personal Data Processor.
  
·        Fourth Generation Computer
-        In Fourth Generation Of Computer at early stage I uses LAI (large scale integration) technique in which about 100+ electronic components are embossed.
-        Later on in fourth generation VLSI (very large scale integration) technique is used where 5000 electronic components are embossed.
-        The use of VLSI technique the size of computer become small as compare to third generation computer.
-        The personal computer is introduced in this generation.
-         In this generation High Level Language are used.
           Some example of High Level Language which used in this generation :
a)      C
b)     C++
c)      DBASE - Data Base
-        In this generation time sharing, real time and distributed operating system are used.    
           Computers used in Fourth Generations are :
a)      STAR 1000
b)     DEC 10 - Digital Equipment Corporation.  
c)      PDP 11 ­- Personal Data Corporation.
                          Super Computer of Fourth Generation
a)     CRAY 1
b)     CRAY-X-MP
-        In this generation microprocessor is introduced.
  
·        Fifth Generation Computer
-        In Fifth Generation Computer ULSI (ultra large scale integration) technique is used where about ten millions of electronic components are embossed on a single micro chip’s which is known as Microprocessor.
-        The size of computer is very small and the speed is very fast.
              Some High Level Languages are used in this generation are :
a)      C
b)     C++
c)      JAVA
d)     .NET
e)     SQL
f)       MYSQL - Structured Query Language
g)      Oracle
-        AI (artificial intelligence) introduced in this Generation.
-        In  AI we uses neural network, natural language processing and Robotics.
                       Computers used in Fourth Generation
a)      Desktop Computer
b)     Laptop Computer
c)      Notebook
d)     Chromebook