·        Algorithm
-        An algorithm is a finite set of instruction for solving a particular problem step by step.
-        It is common to all programming language.
-        Each and every instruction should be clear and precise.
-        After performing instruction, the desired result must be obtained.
-        In first step start with start mark and end with stop mark.

Example :-     Algorithm to find simple Interest

Step 1 : Start
Step 2 : Input principle, time and rate in variable p, t, r
Step 3 : Calculate simple interest (p * t * r) / 100 and store it in variable SI
Step 4 : Print the value of SI
Step 5 : Stop

Example :-     Algorithm to add two number

Step 1 : Start
Step 2 : Input two number in variable a, b
Step 3 : Calculate addition of two  number c = a + b and store it in variable c
Step 4 : Print value of sum in variable c
Step 5 : Stop

Example :-    

Step 1 : Start
Step 2 : Initialize a variable I to 1
Step 3 : Input the value for N
Step 4 : While I is less than or equal to N do the following steps.
a.      Print I
b.      I = I + 2
Step 5 : Stop

Example :-     Algorithm to find area of circle

Step 1 : Start
Step 2 : Input radius of circle in variable r
Step 3 : Calculate area of circle a = 22 / 7 * r ^ 2 store it in variable a
Step 4 : Print area of circle a
Step 5 : Stop

Example :-     Algorithm to find perimeter of Triangle

Step 1 : Start
Step 2 : Input three sides of triangle and store in variable s, b, s
Step 3 : Calculate perimeter of triangle p = s + b + s and store it in variable p
Step 4 : Print perimeter of triangle p
Step 5 : Stop

·        Flowchart
-        Flow Chart is a pictorial or graphical representation of algorithm.
-        It uses some symbol for different purposes.
-        It is easy to understand as algorithm.
         
      Symbols used in flow chart’s :- 

a.      Rounded Corner Box or Oval Shape :-  It is used to start and stop of the flow chart.

b.     Input / Output Box :-  It uses parallelogram. It uses for Input and Output in flow chart.   
  
c.      Processing Box :-  It uses Rectangular shape. It used for processing assignment in flow chart.    
  
d.     Decision Box :-  It uses Diamond Symbol. It used for decision making i.e. a > b.      
                
e.      Root maker arrow symbol : -                  

f.       Connector :-  It uses for connecting shape with arrow. It uses for connecting other part of flow chart.
                        

·        Rules for preparing Flow Chart
-        It must have a logical start and finish.
-        All necessary requirement should be listed in logical order.
-        All symbol must connected with arrow.
-        Only one line should come from process box.
-        Only one line should enter in decision box but two or three line may come out.
-        Only one line is used with the terminal symbol.

Example :-     Input value of radius and calculate area of circle using flow chart.
Example :-   Input two number and choose which one is greater in flow chart.